See pere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "be¹ lei⁴⁻²",
"word": "啤梨"
},
{
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "phlae phiə",
"word": "ផ្លែភា"
},
{
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pere"
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pɛɛ",
"word": "แพร์"
},
{
"lang": "Tokelauan",
"lang_code": "tkl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pea"
},
{
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ipere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peir"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Old English pere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*peru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *peru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*pira"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *pira",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pirum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English pere, peru, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "peres",
"pl2": "peren"
},
"expansion": "pere (plural peres or peren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peretre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pirie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 14 3 3 3 3 1 12 6 1 3 1 5 1 5 3 12 1 1 1 0 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 31 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 23 3 2 2 2 1 15 4 2 3 1 4 1 3 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 37 20 12 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 57 10 13 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "enm:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pear (fruit of Pyrus communis)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-YGKNich0",
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"Pyrus communis",
"Pyrus communis#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing of little import or worth."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-rxF-g0Yq",
"links": [
[
"import",
"import"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ̞ːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpœːr(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland, from Mercian Old English *peoru"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pier"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bridge pillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "pere",
"pos": "from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">petra</i>",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*piere"
},
"expansion": "Old French *piere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "pire"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French pire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*petricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *petricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "pira"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pira",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra) or Old French *piere (Old Northern French pire, from either Late Latin *petricus or pēra \"satchel\"); compare Medieval Latin pira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 15 16 39 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bridges",
"orig": "enm:Bridges",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A support or pillar of a bridge."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-RIm0Y5u1",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater; a construction surrounding a harbour."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-8qk9tglz",
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"harbour",
"harbour"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peer",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“peer”)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-LYCPDCmY",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English:_peer"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equal",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“equal”)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-adj-PaAa~o8U",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "be¹ lei⁴⁻²",
"word": "啤梨"
},
{
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "phlae phiə",
"word": "ផ្លែភា"
},
{
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pere"
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pɛɛ",
"word": "แพร์"
},
{
"lang": "Tokelauan",
"lang_code": "tkl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pea"
},
{
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ipere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peir"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peur"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Old English pere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*peru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *peru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*pira"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *pira",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pirum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English pere, peru, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "peres",
"pl2": "peren"
},
"expansion": "pere (plural peres or peren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "perer"
},
{
"word": "peretre"
},
{
"word": "perre"
},
{
"word": "pirie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A pear (fruit of Pyrus communis)"
],
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"Pyrus communis",
"Pyrus communis#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing of little import or worth."
],
"links": [
[
"import",
"import"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ̞ːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpœːr(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland, from Mercian Old English *peoru"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pier"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bridge pillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "pere",
"pos": "from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">petra</i>",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*piere"
},
"expansion": "Old French *piere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "pire"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French pire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*petricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *petricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "pira"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pira",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra) or Old French *piere (Old Northern French pire, from either Late Latin *petricus or pēra \"satchel\"); compare Medieval Latin pira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A support or pillar of a bridge."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater; a construction surrounding a harbour."
],
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"harbour",
"harbour"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peer",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“peer”)"
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English:_peer"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equal",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“equal”)"
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pere meaning in Middle English (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (4d423fd and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.