See pere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "be¹ lei⁴⁻²",
"word": "啤梨"
},
{
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "phlae phiə",
"word": "ផ្លែភា"
},
{
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pere"
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pɛɛ",
"word": "แพร์"
},
{
"lang": "Tokelauan",
"lang_code": "tkl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pea"
},
{
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ipere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peir"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peur"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:pere",
"id": "pear"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"pira\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*peru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"pere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"pere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"pear\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"pere\" id=\"Middle_English:_pear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Old English pere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*peru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *peru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*pira"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *pira",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pirum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English pere, peru, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "peres",
"pl2": "peren"
},
"expansion": "pere (plural peres or peren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peretre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pirie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 1 15 4 3 3 3 1 13 1 1 3 1 6 1 5 3 13 1 1 1 0 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 31 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 24 3 2 2 2 1 16 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 2 12 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 41 22 13 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 58 10 13 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "enm:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pear (fruit of Pyrus communis)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-YGKNich0",
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"Pyrus communis",
"Pyrus communis#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing of little import or worth."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-rxF-g0Yq",
"links": [
[
"import",
"import"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ̞ːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpœːr(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland, from Mercian Old English *peoru"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pier"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bridge pillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:pere<t:stone><ety:der<la:petra>>",
"4": "fro:*piere<ety:bor<fro-nor:pire<ety:from<fro-nor:peior>>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "pere",
"pos": "from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">petra</i>",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*piere"
},
"expansion": "Old French *piere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "pire"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French pire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*petricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *petricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "pira"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pira",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra) or Old French *piere (Old Northern French pire, from either Late Latin *petricus or pēra \"satchel\"); compare Medieval Latin pira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 15 16 40 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bridges",
"orig": "enm:Bridges",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A support or pillar of a bridge."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-RIm0Y5u1",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-timeout",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater; a construction surrounding a harbour."
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-8qk9tglz",
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"harbour",
"harbour"
]
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-timeout",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peer",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“peer”)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-noun-LYCPDCmY",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English:_peer"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equal",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“equal”)"
],
"id": "en-pere-enm-adj-PaAa~o8U",
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "be¹ lei⁴⁻²",
"word": "啤梨"
},
{
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "phlae phiə",
"word": "ផ្លែភា"
},
{
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pere"
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pɛɛ",
"word": "แพร์"
},
{
"lang": "Tokelauan",
"lang_code": "tkl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pea"
},
{
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ipere"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pear"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "peir"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "peur"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:pere",
"id": "pear"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"pira\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*peru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"pere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"pere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"pear\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"pere\" id=\"Middle_English:_pear\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Old English pere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*peru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *peru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*pira"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *pira",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pirum"
},
"expansion": "Latin pirum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English pere, peru, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from Latin pirum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peren",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peare",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peore",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "peres",
"pl2": "peren"
},
"expansion": "pere (plural peres or peren)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "perer"
},
{
"word": "peretre"
},
{
"word": "perre"
},
{
"word": "pirie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A pear (fruit of Pyrus communis)"
],
"links": [
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"Pyrus communis",
"Pyrus communis#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing of little import or worth."
],
"links": [
[
"import",
"import"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ̞ːr(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpœːr(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland, from Mercian Old English *peoru"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "pier"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bridge pillar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:pere<t:stone><ety:der<la:petra>>",
"4": "fro:*piere<ety:bor<fro-nor:pire<ety:from<fro-nor:peior>>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "petra"
},
"expansion": "Latin petra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "pere",
"pos": "from Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">petra</i>",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*piere"
},
"expansion": "Old French *piere",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "pire"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French pire",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "*petricus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin *petricus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "pira"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin pira",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Anglo-Norman pere (“stone”, from Latin petra) or Old French *piere (Old Northern French pire, from either Late Latin *petricus or pēra \"satchel\"); compare Medieval Latin pira.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "per",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "peere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A support or pillar of a bridge."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"bridge",
"bridge"
]
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-timeout",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A breakwater; a construction surrounding a harbour."
],
"links": [
[
"breakwater",
"breakwater"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"surrounding",
"surrounding"
],
[
"harbour",
"harbour"
]
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-timeout",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "peer",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“peer”)"
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English:_peer"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bridges",
"enm:Fruits"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "equal",
"word": "per"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of per (“equal”)"
],
"links": [
[
"per",
"per#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pere"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pere meaning in Middle English (8.1kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 571492803<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:39:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 589172153<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:40:07 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "luaexec/683",
"msg": "LUA error in #invoke('etymon', 'main') parent ('Template:etymon', {1: 'enm', 2: ':bor', 3: 'xno:pere<t:stone><ety:der<la:petra>>', 4: 'fro:*piere<ety:bor<fro-nor:pire<ety:from<fro-nor:peior>>>>'})",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "[string \"<python>\"]:197: Lua timeout error"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:bor",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:borrowed()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 563306810<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:41:02 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 577359575<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:41:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymon:main()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 594905060<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:42:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "luaexec/683",
"msg": "LUA error in #invoke('etymon', 'main') parent ('Template:etymon', {1: 'enm', 2: ':bor', 3: 'xno:pere<t:stone><ety:der<la:petra>>', 4: 'fro:*piere<ety:bor<fro-nor:pire<ety:from<fro-nor:peior>>>>'})",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:etymon",
"#invoke",
"#invoke"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "[string \"<python>\"]:197: Lua timeout error"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"pere",
"Template:bor",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:borrowed()"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "pere",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 571199134<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 21 Aug 2026 16:43:48 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.